Seven thematic categories
- 1. Character & strength (13): Alkan, Baş, Çelik, Er, Erbaş, Erkun, Demirbaş, Demir, Kaba, Yılmaz, Uysal, İnce, Küçük — values of resilience, steel, fortitude
- 2. Nature & plants (10): Ay, Aydın, Bulut, Çay, Fındık, Gündüz, Kara, Kaya, Kula, Tuna — celestial bodies, plants, geographic features
- 3. Animals & birds (3): Ceran, Kurt, Özşahines — symbols of courage, freedom, speed
- 4. Occupations & institutions (7): Bayraktar, Demirci, Saraç, Cıvataş, Örs, Saydar, Say — craft, military, professional roles
- 5. Water & land (6): Akan, Cankara, Dalkıran, Yurdagel, Gönen, Turan — flowing water, soil, attachment to homeland
- 6. Action & movement (8): Can, Cansever, Erdoğdu, Evgin, Gezici, Kaçar, Tezcan, Uçar — verb roots expressing movement and vitality
- 7. Other / specific (7): Alataş, Çatkın, Çotuk, İremet, Özcan, Özçakır, Özdemir — local or family-specific origins